Tin tức

Tiền tố và hậu tố của tính từ

  1. Tóm tắt bài giảng:

Prefixes (tiền tố)

Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning. For example:

 

prefix new word
un- unhappy
under underdeveloped: các quốc gia chậm phát triển, undergrowth (bụi cây thấp), underpass: đường cầu chui, undercook: nấu chưa chín
multi- multicultural
over- overwork, overweight, oversleep (ngủ quên), overhear (nghe trộm), overdose (quá liều)
cyber- cyberspace
super- supermarket, superman, supernature (siêu nhiên)
sub subtitle, subway (tàu điện ngầm), subcontinent
sur surface (bề mặt)
dis disagree
out outnumber (lớn hơn), outweigh (lớn hơn, quan trọng hơn)
mis mistake, misunderstand, misbehave, misuse, misspell
re  rewrite, redo
  en ensure, enable, enclose (đính kèm), endanger (gây nguy hiểm), enlarge (mở rộng), enrich (làm giàu)
non nonsmoking (adj: không được hút thuốc)
inter international (quốc tế),

 

 

Tiền tố phủ định Ví dụ
Im- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu m hoặc p) Immature (chưa trưởng thành), impatient (mất kiên nhẫn), impossible, impractical (không thực tế)
Ir- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu r) Irreplaceable. irregular, irresponsible
Il- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu l) Illegal, illegible, illiterate, illogical
In- Inconvenient, inedible,          incomplete, independent, indivisible (không thể chia tách được)
Dis- Disloyal, dissimilar
Un- Uncomfortable, unsuccessful, unhappy, unreal, untrue, unlucky, unequal

 

 

Ex 1

  1. Form the adjective and its antonym by adding appropriate prefixes

Attention    attract    comfort    competence    formality      health      offend        predict      reason      rely

  1. Now use the negative adjectives to fill the blanks.

 

  • My watch is very , so I’m not sure of the correct time.
  • if that chair is , try this one over here.
  • The atmosphere was very and everyone was on first-name terms.
  • He was so that he sent everybody the wrong information.
  • Was it of me to expect them to do so much homework?
  • That terrible make-up makes her look most
  • He was a very pupil and seemed to spend most of the time looking out of the window.
  • He keeps saying that eating all this fast food is _______________ , especially if you don’t get much exercise.
  • He’s very _______________ . You never know what he’s going to do next.
  • I thought It was an __________________ remark but apparently she was deeply insulted.

 

Ex2:

  • Put one of the prefixes dis-, mis-, en- or un- in front of each of the words in the list below to form verbs.

agree      load      appear          lock      approve        judge     behave       obey danger   sure      inform    understand   large               wrap

  • Now use the verbs you have formed to complete the sentences. Use each verb once only in its correct form.
    • I’m afraid you’ve been ___________. We never give discounts.
    • By _______________ the photo, we were able to read the words on the note.
    • The porter ____________the door and let me in.
    • If those children _____________ once more, they’ll go straight to bed!
    • Unfortunately, my father ___________ of my new girlfriend.
    • The money can’t just have ____________ ! Somebody has stolen it!
    • After they’ve ___________ the furniture from the lorry, I’ll make them a nice cup of tea.
    • I spoke very slowly and clearly so that nobody would ______________ what I was saying.
    • The soldier was put in prison for a week for ______________ orders.
    • We all gathered round to watch as she _______________ the parcel.
    • I _____________ the width of the stream and fell into the water.
    • You must always ________________ that the car’s brakes are on properly before you start working on the engine.
    • We must not use chemicals that will ________________ the environment and maybe ruin it for future generations.
    • Mandy and I completely ______________ about where to go on holiday. She wants to go somewhere warm by the sea – and I want to go skiing!

 

  1. Tài liệu đọc thêm

Suffixes (hậu tố): Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word. For example:

 

word suffix new word
child -ish childish
work -er Worker
taste -less Tasteless
idol -ize/-ise idolize/idolize
like -able Likeable

 

Các tiền tố thường gặp:

Tiền tố Ý nghĩa Ví dụ
Anti- Chống lại Anti-war, antisocial
Auto- Tự động Auto-pilot, autography
Bi- Hai, hai lần Bicycle, bilingual
Ex- Trước đây Ex-wife, ex- smoker
Micro- Nhỏ bé Microwave, microscopic
Mis- Tồi tệ, sai Misunderstand, misinform
Mono- Một, đơn lẻ Monotone, monologue
Multi- Nhiều Multi-national, multi- purpose
Over- Nhiều, quá mức Overdo, overtired, overeat
Post- Sau Postwar, postgraduate
Pre- Trước Pre-war, pre-judge

 

Pro- Tán thành, ủng hộ Pro-government, pro- revolutionary
Pseudo- Già Pseudo- scientific
Re- Lần nữa, trở lại Retype, reread, rewind
Semi- Phân nửa Semi-final,
Sub- Bên dưới semicircularSubway, subdivision
Under- Thiếu, không đủ Underworked, undercooked

 

III. Bài về nhà:

 

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH A WORD DERIVED FROM THE WORD IN CAPITAL LETTERS

  1. Artists must be , otherwise they just repeat what they see or hear                  CREATE
  2. Why are you so  of his work? He’s just doing his best.                                          CRITIC
  3. Have you made up your mind? We need to know your ……… as soon as possible. DECIDE
  4. He’s too shy to look people  when he talks to them                                                DIRECT
  5. Have they put the Christmas  yet?                                                                        DECORATE
  6. They put too many unnecesary  in food                                                                     ADD
  7. I ……….. think that there’s no point in arguing with him. Just ignore him. HONEST
  8. Extraterrestrial life has not been proved yet.                                                  SCIENCE
  9. Why don’t you call the  if the lights don’t work?                                                     ELECTRIC
  10. Music and television are forms of                                                                   ENTERTAIN
  11. The concert didn’t live up to our EXPECT
  12. The electric company admitted their…………..for the blackout RESPOND
  13. Did you use to have ………. as a child?                         ALLOW
  14. I don’t like those trousers, no matter how  they are                                     FASHION
  15. Life ………… varies according to country and gender EXPECT

 

Đáp án

 

1. creative 2. critical 3. decision 4. directly 5. decorations
6. additives 7. honestly 8. scientifically 9. electrician 10. entertainment
11. expectations 12. responsibility 13. allowance 14. fashionable 15. expectancy

 

Đã hay thì vỗ tay !!!
Link bài 5 Trạng từ :

 

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